KOSDAQ · 338220 · Software · ₩338220

Vuno뷰노

338220 · KOSDAQ · ₩338220 · 뷰노

₩7,030▼ ₩650 (8.46%)End-of-day · Oct 27, 2026 · End-of-day prices.

Trade

Sell Buy

Valuation model · Discounted cash flow (DCF)

We use a 5-year discounted cash flow: the value of the cash the business is expected to produce, in today's money.

Fair value per share

With these assumptions the model gives no positive value.

Enterprise value: −₩158B
Equity value: −₩158B
WACC: 7.4%

Model estimate based on the assumptions shown. Not a price target and not a buy or sell signal. This is not financial advice.

Why the model and the price differ

The model gives no positive value at these assumptions. What we can see:

To match today's price of ₩7,030, the model needs an operating margin of 16.9% every year (it uses −20.0%).
Margins ranged from −792.4% to −14.2% over the last 5 years, so this is a cyclical business. The model uses the average; the price may be set by where the cycle is now. Try the margin fade option.
In the projection, spending on equipment, software and working capital takes most or all of the after-tax operating profit, so free cash flow is thin. Companies that invest heavily often look like this until spending slows.

Treat the model as a starting point: change the assumptions to the story you believe, and compare with the multiples check below.

Bear / Base / Bull

Bear: —
Base: —
Bull: —

Bear: revenue growth 3 points lower every year, EBIT margin 2 points lower, WACC 1 point higher. Bull: the opposite.

Assumptions

Cycle options

Margin path

Every year uses the cycle-average margin (−20.0%).

Revenue growth

Revenue growth, year 125%
How much sales grow that year, compared with the year before.
Default: the last 3 years' revenue growth (61.5% a year, annual reports), fading to 3% by year 5.
Revenue growth, year 219.5%
How much sales grow that year, compared with the year before.
Default: the last 3 years' revenue growth (61.5% a year, annual reports), fading to 3% by year 5.
Revenue growth, year 314%
How much sales grow that year, compared with the year before.
Default: the last 3 years' revenue growth (61.5% a year, annual reports), fading to 3% by year 5.
Revenue growth, year 48.5%
How much sales grow that year, compared with the year before.
Default: the last 3 years' revenue growth (61.5% a year, annual reports), fading to 3% by year 5.
Revenue growth, year 53%
How much sales grow that year, compared with the year before.
Default: the last 3 years' revenue growth (61.5% a year, annual reports), fading to 3% by year 5.

Business

EBIT margin-20%
Operating profit as a share of revenue.
Default: through-the-cycle average of the last 12 months and the last 5 annual reports' operating margins.
Tax rate27.5%
Share of operating profit paid as corporate tax.
Default: Korea's top corporate tax rate (25%) plus 10% local income tax.
Depreciation & amortisation2.7%
The non-cash cost of wearing out equipment, added back to cash flow (% of revenue).
Default: not in the statements, so 80% of capital spending (most spending replaces equipment that wears out).
Capital spending3.4%
Money spent on factories, equipment, software and other long-term assets (% of revenue).
Default: average of the last 3 annual reports (cash flow statements; equipment and intangibles).
Working capital40%
Stock and unpaid customer bills, less unpaid supplier bills, as a % of revenue. Each year's extra revenue ties up this much more cash.
Default: working capital (current assets less cash and deposits, minus current liabilities other than borrowings) as a share of revenue, averaged over the last 3 years.

Discount rate

Terminal growth2%
How fast cash flows keep growing every year after year 5.
Default: about Korea's long-run inflation plus real growth.
Risk-free rate4.11%
Yield on Korea's 10-year government bond: the return with almost no risk.
Default: Korea Treasury Bond 10-year yield on 2026-10-28.
Beta0.6
How much the share moves when the market moves: 1 means just like the market.
Default: 105 weeks of weekly returns against KOSPI (official index); raw beta 0.16, adjusted toward 1 and kept between 0.6 and 2.0.
Equity risk premium5.5%
The extra return investors want for owning shares instead of bonds.
Default: a typical premium for Korean shares.
Cost of debt (before tax)5.61%
The interest rate the company would pay to borrow.
Default: the 10-year yield plus a 1.5% credit spread.

Starting point

Revenue (TTM to H1 2026): ₩30B
Net debt (borrowings and leases − cash and deposits): ₩348M
Shares: 14,001,823
Share price: ₩7,030
Market cap: ₩98B

TTM = trailing 12 months: the last four reported quarters added together. "TTM to H1 2026" is the 12 months up to the latest quarterly or half-year report (H1 = to the end of June). Year 1 grows from there.

Past years and projection

Grey columns are reported results from the annual reports (after-tax EBIT at the model's tax rate), so you can check the growth and margin assumptions against the past. Years 1–5 are the model.

	FY2023	FY2024	FY2025	Year 1	Year 2	Year 3	Year 4	Year 5
Revenue	₩13B	₩26B	₩35B	₩38B	₩45B	₩51B	₩56B	₩58B
Growth	60.4%	94.9%	34.7%	25.0%	19.5%	14.0%	8.5%	3.0%
EBIT	−₩16B	−₩12B	−₩4.9B	−₩7.6B	−₩9B	−₩10B	−₩11B	−₩12B
EBIT margin	−118.1%	−48.1%	−14.2%	−20.0%	−20.0%	−20.0%	−20.0%	−20.0%
After-tax EBIT	−₩11B	−₩9B	−₩3.6B	−₩5.5B	−₩6.5B	−₩7.5B	−₩8.1B	−₩8.3B
+ Depreciation	—	—	—	₩1B	₩1.2B	₩1.4B	₩1.5B	₩1.6B
− Capital spending	₩382M	₩1.1B	₩1.1B	₩1.3B	₩1.5B	₩1.7B	₩1.9B	₩2B
− Working capital	−₩9.4B	₩27B	₩591M	₩3B	₩2.9B	₩2.5B	₩1.7B	₩670M
Free cash flow	—	—	—	−₩8.8B	−₩9.8B	−₩10B	−₩10B	−₩9.4B
Discount factor	—	—	—	0.931	0.867	0.807	0.752	0.700
Present value	—	—	—	−₩8.2B	−₩8.5B	−₩8.4B	−₩7.7B	−₩6.6B

Terminal value −₩169B, worth −₩118B today: 75% of enterprise value. It assumes spending settles at 110% of depreciation once growth slows to the terminal rate.

Cross-check: what the market has paid before

For cyclical businesses, analysts check a DCF against the multiples the stock has traded at through past cycles. Price / book is the usual anchor for them: P/E looks highest at the bottom of a cycle, when earnings are smallest, and lowest at the top. The price each band would give today:

	Low	Typical	High
Price / book (book value ₩2,549 a share)Now 2.76×	₩13,2225.19×	₩28,83011.3×	₩137,82354.1×

Low, typical and high are the 10th percentile, middle and 90th percentile of month-end multiples since 2021, each against the latest report out by then, per share at today's share count; loss years and P/E above 100 are left out. Run-rate earnings are one quarter × 4, not a forecast. Model estimate based on the assumptions shown. Not a price target and not a buy or sell signal.

Sensitivity

Fair value per share as two inputs change; the middle is the current case.

WACC ↓ · Terminal growth →	1.0%	1.5%	2.0%	2.5%	3.0%
6.4%	—	—	—	—	—
6.9%	—	—	—	—	—
7.4%	—	—	—	—	—
7.9%	—	—	—	—	—
8.4%	—	—	—	—	—

Now (TTM)

Market cap: ₩98B
Enterprise value: ₩99B
P/E: —
P/B: 2.8×
P/S: 3.3×
EV/EBITDA: —
Dividend yield: 0.0%

Over time (at each year end)

	2025	2024	2023	2022	2021
Price	₩22,350	₩24,200	₩42,000	₩6,240	₩18,900
Market cap	₩313B	₩339B	₩588B	₩87B	₩265B
P/E	—	—	—	—	—
P/B	8.7×	11.0×	117.2×	4.7×	11.7×
P/S	9.0×	13.1×	44.3×	10.6×	117.7×
EV/EBITDA	—	—	—	—	—
Dividend yield	0.0%	—	—	—	—

Versus similar companies

Company	P/E	P/B	P/S	EV/EBITDA	Dividend yield
Vuno	—	2.8×	3.3×	—	0.0%
Hyundai Autoever	46.8×	4.7×	2.0×	—	0.6%
Krafton	10.0×	1.2×	1.9×	—	1.2%
NC	6.9×	1.2×	2.0×	8.3×	0.6%
Netmarble	7.1×	0.5×	1.0×	—	2.6%
PearlAbyss	7.9×	2.0×	3.0×	5.1×	0.0%
Shift UP	9.0×	1.8×	7.1×	—	0.0%
Similar companies (median)	8.4×	1.5×	2.0×	6.7×	0.6%

Calculated from end-of-day prices and filed financial statements. Not a recommendation. This is not financial advice.

Also known as: Vuno / 뷰노 / 338220 / KRX:338220

Source: KRX statistical information